高功能自闭症 | |
---|---|
症状 | 人际关系交往困难,沟通障碍, 兴趣受限,行为重复。 |
并发症 | 社会孤立,就业问题,家庭压力,霸凌,自我伤害[1] |
常见始发于 | 2到3岁[2][3] |
病程 | 长期 |
肇因 | 基因和环境因素 |
诊断方法 | 根据行为和发展史 |
相似疾病或共病 | 亚斯伯格症候群,注意力不足过动症,妥瑞症,焦虑,躁郁症,强迫症 |
治疗 | 行为治疗, 言语治疗, 精神药物[4][5][6] |
药物 | 抗精神病药, 抗抑郁药, 兴奋剂(相关症状)[7][8][9] |
分类和外部资源 | |
医学专科 | 精神病学 |
高功能自闭症(英语:High-functioning autism,简称HFA),指智商中等或更高患者所患有的自闭症,该类自闭症患者多数具有语言能力,学习能力较佳、自闭倾向较不明显;但语言理解与表达力、人际互动与聊天的能力仍有困难。
参见
参考文献
- ↑ Autism spectrum disorder - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. [2019-07-13] (英语).
- ↑ NIMH " Autism Spectrum Disorder. nimh.nih.gov. 2016-10 [2017-04-20].
- ↑ American Psychiatric Association. Autism Spectrum Disorder. 299.00 (F84.0). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013: 50–59. ISBN 978-0-89042-559-6. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
- ↑ Myers SM, Johnson CP. Management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2007-11, 120 (5): 1162–82 [2019-05-24]. PMID 17967921. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2362 .
- ↑ Sanchack, KE; Thomas, CA. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Primary Care Principles.. American Family Physician. 2016-12-15, 94 (12): 972–79. PMID 28075089.
- ↑ Sukhodolsky, DG; Bloch, MH; Panza, KE; Reichow, B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in children with high-functioning autism: a meta-analysis.. Pediatrics. 2013-11, 132 (5): e1341–50. PMC 3813396 . PMID 24167175. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1193.
- ↑ Ji N, Findling RL. An update on pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2015-03, 28 (2): 91–101. PMID 25602248. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000132.
- ↑ Oswald DP, Sonenklar NA. Medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2007-06, 17 (3): 348–55. PMID 17630868. doi:10.1089/cap.2006.17303.
- ↑ Jaeggi, S. M.; Buschkuehl, M.; Jonides, J.; Perrig, W. J. From the Cover: Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008, 105 (19): 6829–33. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.6829J. PMC 2383929 . PMID 18443283. doi:10.1073/pnas.0801268105.