右旋安非他命

右旋安非他命
INN： Dexamfetamine
系统（IUPAC）命名名称
	(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
临床数据
Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a605027
医疗法规	US FDA: Dextroamphetamine;
妊娠分级	AU: B3 ; US: C (不排除有风险的可能) ; ;
依赖性	生理依赖：无; 精神依赖：中
成瘾性	中
给药途径	口服
合法状态
合法状态	AU: 受管控 (S8) ; CA: Schedule I ; DE: Anlage III ; UK: Class B ; US: Schedule II ;
药代动力学数据
生物利用度	Oral 75–100%
蛋白结合度	15–40%
代谢	CYP2D6，多巴胺β羟化酶，FMO3
开始出现药效	IR服用：0.5至1.5小时; XR服用：1.5至2小时
生物半衰期	9至11小时; 不同的PH值：8至31小时
作用时间	IR服用：3至7小时; XR服用：12小时
排泄	肾（45%）；取决于尿液的pH值
识别信息
CAS注册号	51-64-9
ATC代码	N06BA02
PubChem	CID 5826
IUPHAR/BPS	2147
DrugBank	DB01576
ChemSpider	5621
UNII	TZ47U051FI
KEGG	D03740
ChEBI	CHEBI:4469
ChEMBL	CHEMBL612
化学信息
化学式	C9H13N
摩尔质量	135.20622
	SMILES C[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)N; ;
	InChI InChI=InChI=1S/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3/t8-/m0/s1 ; Key:KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N ;
物理性质
密度	0.913 g/cm3
沸点	201.5 °C（394.7 °F）
水溶液	20 mg/mL (20 °C)

右旋安非他命（英语：Dextroamphetamine）^{[注 1]}是强力中枢神经兴奋剂，也是苯丙胺（“安非他命”）的对映异构体，是注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和发作性嗜睡病的处方药。^[10]此外，它也被用作提升运动员能力的兴奋剂，也是一种益智药，同时人们在享乐时也将其用作春药和产生欣快感的药。此外，空军也将右旋安非他命广泛用作“抗睡丸”，在诸如夜间轰炸之类的容易疲倦的任务中使用。第二次世界大战期间，该药物也被用来治疗疲倦。

脚注

↑ 其他英文名称：dexamphetamine （AAN）、dexamfetamine （国际非专利药品名称和BAN）、(S)-amphetamine、(+)-amphetamine、D-amphetamine。

参考资料

↑ Dextromphetamine. DrugBank. [2013-11-05]. |section=被忽略 (帮助)
↑ Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry 7th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013: 648. ISBN 1609133455. Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA β-hydroxylase can afford norephedrine.
↑ Green-Hernandez, Carol; Singleton, Joanne K.; Aronzon, Daniel Z. Primary Care Pediatrics. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001-01-01: 243. ISBN 9780781720083. |quote = Table 21.2 Medications for ADHD ... D-amphetamine ... Onset: 30 min.
↑ Dexedrine, ProCentra(dextroamphetamine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. reference.medscape.com. [2015-10-04]. Onset of action: 1–1.5 hr
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Millichap JG. Chapter 9: Medications for ADHD. Millichap JG (编). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD 2nd. New York, USA: Springer. 2010: 112. ISBN 9781441913968.
Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication
Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ...
Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h]
Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ...
Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h]
Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Brams M, Mao AR, Doyle RL. Onset of efficacy of long-acting psychostimulants in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgrad. Med. 2008-09, 120 (3): 69–88. PMID 18824827. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909. Onset of efficacy was earliest for d-MPH-ER at 0.5 hours, followed by d, l-MPH-LA at 1 to 2 hours, MCD at 1.5 hours, d, l-MPH-OR at 1 to 2 hours, MAS-XR at 1.5 to 2 hours, MTS at 2 hours, and LDX at approximately 2 hours. ... MAS-XR, and LDX have a long duration of action at 12 hours postdose
↑ Adderall IR Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.: 1–6. 2015-10 [2016-05-18].
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Mignot EJ. A practical guide to the therapy of narcolepsy and hypersomnia syndromes. Neurotherapeutics. 2012-10, 9 (4): 739–752. PMC 3480574 . PMID 23065655. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0150-9.
↑ dextrostat (dextroamphetamine sulfate) tablet [Shire US Inc.]. DailyMed. Wayne, PA: Shire US Inc. 2006-08 [2013-11-08].
↑ Dexedrine Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC: 1–7. 2015-02 [2015-09-04].

[10] 其他英文名称：dexamphetamine （AAN）、dexamfetamine （国际非专利药品名称和BAN）、(S)-amphetamine、(+)-amphetamine、D-amphetamine。

[1] Dextromphetamine. DrugBank. [2013-11-05]. |section=被忽略 (帮助)

[DBH_ref-2] Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry 7th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013: 648. ISBN 1609133455. Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA β-hydroxylase can afford norephedrine.

[3] Green-Hernandez, Carol; Singleton, Joanne K.; Aronzon, Daniel Z. Primary Care Pediatrics. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001-01-01: 243. ISBN 9780781720083. |quote = Table 21.2 Medications for ADHD ... D-amphetamine ... Onset: 30 min.

[4] Dexedrine, ProCentra(dextroamphetamine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. reference.medscape.com. [2015-10-04]. Onset of action: 1–1.5 hr

[Millichap:_onset,_peak,_and_duration-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Millichap JG. Chapter 9: Medications for ADHD. Millichap JG (编). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD 2nd. New York, USA: Springer. 2010: 112. ISBN 9781441913968.
Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication
Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ...
Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h]
Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ...
Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h]
Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]

[XR_onset-duration-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Brams M, Mao AR, Doyle RL. Onset of efficacy of long-acting psychostimulants in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgrad. Med. 2008-09, 120 (3): 69–88. PMID 18824827. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909. Onset of efficacy was earliest for d-MPH-ER at 0.5 hours, followed by d, l-MPH-LA at 1 to 2 hours, MCD at 1.5 hours, d, l-MPH-OR at 1 to 2 hours, MAS-XR at 1.5 to 2 hours, MTS at 2 hours, and LDX at approximately 2 hours. ... MAS-XR, and LDX have a long duration of action at 12 hours postdose

[Adderall_IR-7] Adderall IR Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.: 1–6. 2015-10 [2016-05-18].

[Narcolepsy_guide-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Mignot EJ. A practical guide to the therapy of narcolepsy and hypersomnia syndromes. Neurotherapeutics. 2012-10, 9 (4): 739–752. PMC 3480574 . PMID 23065655. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0150-9.

[9] xtrostat (dextroamphetamine sulfate) tablet [Shire US Inc.]. DailyMed. Wayne, PA: Shire US Inc. 2006-08 [2013-11-08].

[Dexedrine-11] Dexedrine Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC: 1–7. 2015-02 [2015-09-04].

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